scDNase-seq / scMNase-seq

Both scDNase-seq and scMNase-seq are developed from Keji Zhao's lab. They use almost the same procedures to construct the library. One uses DNase to get DNA from open chromatin and the other uses MNase to get DNA from both open chromatin and nucleosomal regions. The methods utilise the traditional way of making libraries, which is ligating the sequencing adaptors to the DNase/MNase fragmented DNA. The trick is to add circular plasmid as carrier DNA during ligation and purification to reduce DNA loss. Therefore, the library structure is just standard Illumina sequencing libraries. Each cells are prepared separately, so the library index is the cell barcode.

Adapter and primer sequences:

            5'- ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGAC
                                    GCTCTTCCGATCT -3'
                                    CGAGAAGGCTAG -5'
                        3'- TCTGCACA

Step-by-step library generation

(1) Incubate nulcei with DNase or MNase, and let the enzyme cut the DNA. Then do end repair and A-tailing:

5'-  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX...XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXA -3'
3'- AXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX...XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX  -5'

(2) Ligate the Illumina adaptor mix to the DNA:

5'- ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGAC                                                 ACACGTCT -3'
                        GCTCTTCCGATCTXXXXXXXXXX...XXXXXXXXXXAGATCGGAAGAGC
                        CGAGAAGGCTAGAXXXXXXXXXX...XXXXXXXXXXTCTAGCCTTCTCG
            3'- TCTGCACA                                                 CAGCACATCCCTTTCTCACA -5'

(3) Amplification using Illumina PCR Primer 1.0 and Illumina Multiplexing PCR Primer. Note that in the first round, the Illumina PCR Primer 1.0 has no place to anneal to::

 (i) First round (the product from the top and bottoms strands have the same structure):

Top strand:
5'- ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCTXXXXXXXXXX...XXXXXXXXXXAGATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCT -3'
                                                 <----------TCTAGCCTTCTCGTGTGCAGACTTGAGGTCAGTG[i7]TAGAGCATACGGCAGAAGACGAAC -5'

Bottom strand:
5'- CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGAT[i7]GTGACTGGAGTTCAGACGTGTGCTCTTCCGATCT------------>
                                         3'- TCTGCACACGAGAAGGCTAGAXXXXXXXXXX...XXXXXXXXXXTCTAGCCTTCTCGCAGCACATCCCTTTCTCACA -5'

 (ii) Second round and after:

5'- AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCT------------>
                         5'- ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCTXXXXXXXXXX...XXXXXXXXXXAGATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCAC[i7]ATCTCGTATGCCGTCTTCTGCTTG -3'
                         3'- TGTGAGAAAGGGATGTGCTGCGAGAAGGCTAGAXXXXXXXXXX...XXXXXXXXXXTCTAGCCTTCTCGTGTGCAGACTTGAGGTCAGTG[i7]TAGAGCATACGGCAGAAGACGAAC -5'
                                                                          <----------TCTAGCCTTCTCGTGTGCAGACTTGAGGTCAGTG[i7]TAGAGCATACGGCAGAAGACGAAC -5'

(4) Final library structure:

5'- AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCTXXX...XXXAGATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCACNNNNNNATCTCGTATGCCGTCTTCTGCTTG -3'
3'- TTACTATGCCGCTGGTGGCTCTAGATGTGAGAAAGGGATGTGCTGCGAGAAGGCTAGAXXX...XXXTCTAGCCTTCTCGTGTGCAGACTTGAGGTCAGTGNNNNNNTAGAGCATACGGCAGAAGACGAAC -5'
           Illumina P5                    TruSeq Read 1          gDNA             TruSeq Read 2           6-bp        Illumina P7
                                                                                                        i7 index

Library sequencing:

(1) Add TruSeq Read 1 sequencing primer to sequence the first read (bottom strand as template):

                         5'- ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCT------>
3'- TTACTATGCCGCTGGTGGCTCTAGATGTGAGAAAGGGATGTGCTGCGAGAAGGCTAGAXXX...XXXTCTAGCCTTCTCGTGTGCAGACTTGAGGTCAGTGNNNNNNTAGAGCATACGGCAGAAGACGAAC -5'

(2) Add Sample Index sequencing primer to sequence the i7 index (bottom strand as template, 6 cycles, this is the cell barcode):

                                                                    5'- GATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCAC----->
3'- TTACTATGCCGCTGGTGGCTCTAGATGTGAGAAAGGGATGTGCTGCGAGAAGGCTAGAXXX...XXXTCTAGCCTTCTCGTGTGCAGACTTGAGGTCAGTGNNNNNNTAGAGCATACGGCAGAAGACGAAC -5'

(3) Cluster regeneration, add TruSeq Read 2 sequencing primer to sequence the second read (top strand as template):

5'- AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCTXXX...XXXAGATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCACNNNNNNATCTCGTATGCCGTCTTCTGCTTG -3'
                                                                <------TCTAGCCTTCTCGTGTGCAGACTTGAGGTCAGTG -5'